The Opportunities and Limitations of Livelihood Capitals of an Urban Agricultural Households
Peluang dan Keterbatasan Modal Mata Pencaharian Rumah Tangga Pertanian Perkotaan
-
(1) * Wanichcha Narongchai
Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Thailand
(2) Rukchanok Chmnanmak Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Thailand
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the opportunities and limitations of livelihood capitals of an urban agricultural. With the Participatory Action Research method (PAR) via qualitative approach, 14 agricultural households residing and working in Kra-nuan Municipal District in KhonKaen Province were interviewed in-depth and brainstormed. The data was collected from December 2017 to March 2018 and analyzed using Content Analysis approach. The result showed that urban agricultural households lived in a village located in flourish economic municipal district where accessible facilities and services were available, but they still mainly carried on a traditional agricultural occupation. Due to the expansion of the city and rising cost of living, it was necessary for them to improve their production process. They brainstormed to analyze their resources and realized that they had rich natural, physical, and financial capitals of which they could utilize and make their living out. However, human and social capitals were found to obstruct the development of their occupation. In this situation, they teamed up and changed the production process from relying on long-term corps to implementing the integrated farming in which some land was also allocated for short-term corps for additional income. This was regarded as a livelihood strategy with limited chances and capitals.
References
Alsos, G. A., Carter, S., Ljunggren, E., and Welter, F. (2011). The Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship in Agri- culture and Rural Development (Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Edward Eldgar Publishing Limited).
C, G., PL, G., LM, R., and SA, N. (2003). Residential Mobility, Socioeconomic Context and Body Mass Index in a Cohort of Urban South African Adolescents. Health Place, 99– 107.
Carney, D. (1998). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: What con- tribution can we make? (London: Department for Interna- tional Development).
Chambers, R. and Conway, G. R. (1992). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: Practical Concepts for the 21st Century. Dis- cussion Paper 296.
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches (2nd end) (Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publication), xi–183.
Deelstra, T. and Girardet, H. (2000). Urban Agriculture and Sustainable Cities. Urban Agriculture and Sustainable Cities, 43–66.
DFID (1999). Sustainable Livelihoods and Poverty Elimi- nation (London: Department for International Develop- ment).
Ellis, F. (2000). Mixing It: Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries. vol. 40 (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 1–10.
Evans-Pritchard and Evan, E. (1940). The Nuer: A Descrip- tion of the Modes of Livelihood and Political Institutions of a Nilotic People (Oxford: Clarendon Press).
Farrington, J., Carney, D., Ashley, C., and Turton, C. (1999). Sustainable livelihoods in practice: early application of concepts in rural areas. Natural Resources Perspectives 42, 1–15.
Ferguson, R. and Olofsson, C. (2011). The Development of New Ventures in Farm Businesses (United Kingdom: Edward Eldgar Publishing Limited).
Foeken, D. W. J. and Owuor (2008). Farming as a Livelihood Source for the Urban Poor of Nakuru. Kenya.Geoforum 39, 1978–1990.
Frankenberger, T. R., Drinkwater, M., and Maxwell, D. (2000). Operationalizing Household Livelihood Security - A Holistic Approach for Addressing Poverty and Vulnera- bility.
Ganjanapan, A. (2010). TheSysthesis Research on Isan Rural Structure Reformation (Bangkok: Thai Health Promotion Foundation).
Girardet, H. (2005). Urban Agriculture and Sustainable Urban Development (Amsterdam: Elsevier).
Hara, M. and et.al (2010). Effect of Global Climate Change on Urban Heat Island Intensity of Tokyo Metropolitan Area- Winter Season Case. Nagare 29, 353–361.
Kaufman, J. and Bailkey, M. (2000). Farming Inside Cities: Entrepreneurial Urban Agriculture in the United States (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Lincoln Institute of Land Pol- icy Working Paper).
Koont, S. (2009). The Urban Agriculture of Havana. Monthly Review an Independent Socialist Magazine, 60–60.
Lovell, S. T. (2010). Multifunctional Urban Agriculture for Sustainable Land Use Planning in the United States. Sus- tainability 2, 2499–2522. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ su2082499.
Phongsiri, M. (2014). Livelihood Strategies of Return Thai Diaspora in Thai Society.
Polanyi, K. (1977). The Livelihood of Man (New York: Aca- demic Press).
Sattayanurak, A. (2015). Changes in Thai “Rural” Society: Democracy on the Move. Articles for the Research Project 455, 21–22. Miracle Grand Convention Hotel.
Schultz, T. W. (1971). Investment in Human Capital (New York: Free Press).
Scoones, I. (1998). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: A Frame- work for Analysis (Brighton, United Kingdom: Institute for Development Studies). Working Paper 72.
Selener, D. (1998). Participatory Action Research and Social Change (New York: The Cornell Participatory Action Research Network).
Copyright (c) 2018 Wanichcha Narongchai, Rukchanok Chmnanmak
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
